Analysis Of Paulo Coelhos The Alchemist - 892 Words

Free, tranquil, and adventurous are just are few ways to describe the life of Santiago, the main character of Paulo Coelhos novel The Alchemist. As a young boy he leaves behind his father’s idea of becoming a priest to follow the path of a shepherd, which he later abandons to follow his personal legend. Through the perspective Santiago’s journey, Coelho suggests that in order to further ones self, one must believe in self, believe in others, and a struggle with their belief. In the novel The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho suggests that in order to further ones self, one must believe in themselves. Santiago’s family was very poor, so they decided that in the future he would become a priest, but Santiago had no interest in such things, all†¦show more content†¦Before his journey began, Santiago met with the king of Salem, who demanded, â€Å"tomorrow at this same, bring me a tenth of your flock† (Coelho 27) in order for him to tell Santiago about his dream and person legend. Santiago had to trust that the king was being truthful because the sheep were his whole livelihood, and if the king was lying, then all the money that Santiago put into his sheep would be gone, and his life would be destroyed. When Santiago just entered Africa, he went to a bar for a drink, but he wasnt able to communicate with the bartender to get wine so he recieved bitter tea instead. He met another person who spoke to him in spanish and bought him drinks, so Santia go decided to hire him as a guide to the pyramids. As they began to leave, the bartender grabbed him and began yelling at him in another language about his guide, but Santiago â€Å"trusted his new friend† (Coelho 39). After Santiago disregarded the bartender and left with the boy, he gave him his pouch of money, and in a giant crowd, Santiagos guide disappeared with all the money. This event opened the gateway that allowed Santiago to further his journey, but it would not be possible without him putting his trust in the wrong person and getting betrayed. Finally, Santiago had to struggle with his belief in order to further himself. After Santiago got his money stolen from him, he found work at a crystal shop. At this point, he began to doubt his personalShow MoreRelatedPaulo Coelhos The Alchemist: Synthesis Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthem to think about it throughout every day. Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist shows that those who wallow in fear will never achieve their personal legend, and those who conquer fear will achieve anything they strive for. Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist is a commonly analyzed and criticized piece of literature. One of these articles is Rejendra Kumar Dash’s â€Å"Alchemy of the Soul: A Comparative Study of Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha and Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist†. Dash’s article is a literary criticism ofRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing969 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven our reading assignment. We had to read Paulo Coelho’s novel The Alche mist. My teacher hyped the book numerous times, saying it would â€Å"change [our] lives† and whatnot. Naturally, this got me interested, as I had never heard of the book before this class. I wasn’t disappointed, either, as the book was very intriguing and expressed interesting ideas of spirituality, destiny, and our place in the world. After reading the book, we had to write an analysis of one of its themes and how it relates toRead MoreThe Alchemist Symbolism1838 Words   |  8 PagesAn Analysis of Mirage Symbolism In The Alchemist Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist tells the story of Santiago, a young shepherd living in an abandoned church in a small Andalusian town, who is stripped of his comfortable and safe lifestyle after an encounter with Melchizedek, an Islamic king who tells him of his â€Å"Personal Legend† (21). Melchizedek points Santiago in the direction of his treasure only after taking one-tenth of his money, giving him two stones, and a lesson on reading omens. ThroughoutRead MoreBiography of Kishore Biyani11159 Words   |  45 PagesIndigenous Management System A Report on The biographical analysis of KISHORE BIYANI In the partial fulfillment of the degree of Master’s Of Business Administration (2012-13) Banasthali University Jaipur Campus Submitted by: MBA-IInd SEM 8116 8161 8182 8190 INDEX Sr. No. | Particulars | Page no. | 1. | History | 4 | 2. | Why did you choose that personality? | 5 | 3. | Dream of the Leader | 6 | 4. | SWOT Analysis | 7 | 5. | Stage of Business | 8-10 | 6. | Vision

An Article On The Media - 1340 Words

Robert Madden Shannon Lawson English 1102 (04) September 29, 2014 To Publish or Not to Publish? â€Å"If the newspapers of a country are filled with good news, the jails of that country will be filled with good people† (What). This journalist quote, by Daniel Moynihan, means that there are going to be times when news stories are devastating, gruesome, and tragic. News stories resembling that are inevitable and can leave a city, county, state, country, or even the world in shock. When the media, such as newspapers, radio, and television, reports these types of stories, however, the public seems to think they go overkill, at times, on the images or videos they show to them. At the same time, the media is trying to show the public what exactly is happening and wants them to understand what the victims are facing. This creates a fine line that the media wants to get as close to it as possible without crossing it and causing outrage and anger from the people. Did the media go too far in publishing disturbing images or videos in a devastatin g story or did the people overreact? In 1980, US Servicemen in Iran were killed in action during a rescue mission and their bodies were recovered charred. Photographers took photos of their bodies and sent them to newspapers in Washington D.C. where they published the photo with the story. They felt â€Å"obligated to print them because they gave readers a dimension of understanding of the situation and the people involved that written wordsShow MoreRelatedMedia Article On The Media1314 Words   |  6 PagesReframing Sexting Media Article Media has been known to stretch many stories throughout history. These misinterpreted stories have increased in the last decade due to more media forms taking place such as Facebook, Twitter, and the wide range of media sources now produced on the internet. One who is searching for accurate information must be careful about what they are are looking for because many articles misrepresent what actually happens. Biased information is very common in experimental findingsRead MoreAn Article On Social Media Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesinterested in using Social Media as part of their marketing strategy I see realisation dawn on their faces about half way through the presentation. That s at the part where I talk about the variety of strategies that can be adopted by businesses that don t include Facebook! People have definite opinions about social media marketing and about the tools used to execute a social media strategy. I started writing some of them down so that I could, as now, address them in an article to debunk some of theRead MoreArticles On Social Media Marketing Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesScholarly Journals/Articles Regarding Social Media Marketing A large amount of information was collected from the articles and journals that were reviewed. All of the information that was looked at was in favor of using social media as a marketing strategy. It can be determined from the first article reviewed that while television advertising and e-mail marketing are effective means of marketing, social media is even more effective. This quote from the article â€Å"†¦consumers that have a greater motivationRead MoreNewspaper And Content Of The Media Articles3343 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Æ' Table of content of the media articles Newspaper or media source Date Article number Workplaceinfo 15 January 2015 1 Workplaceinfo 16 January 2015 2 Workplaceinfo 20 January 2015 3 Workplaceinfo 29 January 2015 4 Workplaceinfo 30 January 2015 5 Workplaceinfo 2 February 2015 6 Workplaceinfo 2 February 2015 7 Workplaceinfo 9 February 2015 8 Workplaceinfo 18 February 2015 9 Workplaceinfo 18 February 2015 10 Workplaceinfo 25 February 2015 11 Workplaceinfo 9 March 2015 12 Workplaceinfo 10 MarchRead MoreScholarly Article versus Popular Media1384 Words   |  6 PagesScholarly Article vs. Popular Media Teenage Sexuality and New Media/Technologies The public debate about adolescent sexuality has habitually fixated on which sexual practices are appropriate, and disregarded the complex dimensions of sexuality (Greenberg, Bruess, Oswalt, 2012). The goal of this paper is to compare a scholarly written article, to an article available through a popular media source, on the topic of Teenage Sexuality and New Media. Resource and Risk: Youth and New Media Use This articleRead MoreAnalysis of Media Framing of an Article Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesI will be addressing the framing of the February 2014 article entitled â€Å"A softer side to policing: LAPD squad working to build trust.† In this article, the journalist lays out the signified and the framing to which he will place them in to reshape public opinion. In this framing, the Los Angeles Police and the population of the Jordan Downs Housing Complex are the signified. Scheufele and Tewksbury (2007) shows that â€Å"media framing is constructed on the concept of how an issue is portrayed in newspapersRead MoreMedia Article And The Social Determinants Of Health931 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The following media analysis will review a media article that has recently been published. The report will refer to both the media article and the social determinants of health to discuss how obesity can potentially be the cause of several health issues, with appropriate evidence to support this. The media article ‘Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia’s Obesity Problem’ written by Leigh Campbell in the Huffington Post Australia Newspaper on February the 24th 2016 will be discussedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Articles on Media Literacy550 Words   |  2 PagesMedia Literacy Annotated Bibliography: Donnelly, K. (2011). 5 Great Media Literacy Programs and How Assess Their Impact. PBS.org. The text by Donnelly (2011) provides our research with a delineation of several new and progressive avenues for media literacy training in an educational context. Here, Donnelly outlines a number of programs being sponsored by an array of respected media or cultural entities. With partners such as PBS, the Federal Trade Commission, the United States Holocaust MemorialRead MoreAnalysis of Several Articles on Adolescents, Media and Violence 1005 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 1 This article talks about the effects of media exposure on adolescents and the violence that is can bring. Using the social conflict theory it portrays the media as having a harmful impression on today’s children. The article shows how crime statistics have decreased the arrests for violent crimes committed by youth offenders has not (Fowler, 2002). The article also shows how the APA is teaming up with federal programs to help resolve these harmful effects that the media is portraying.Read MoreScientific Method and Media Piece Article Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesName:Mark Delarosa 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. The book â€Å"Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology† discusses how athletes today are using certain types of steroids to enhance their performance. However

Woman in Black Free Essays

Why do you think Susan Hill called her story The Woman in Black? How effective is it as a title? One of the most important parts of any book can be the title and in this case, Susan Hill has decided on her title as being The Woman in Black. Throughout this essay I will be looking at how Susan Hill has used her title effectively and I will also look at the reasons why Hill might have named her title The Woman in Black. At first it may seem a very simple title but as I will go through in this essay, simple might be the very cause of the effect it makes. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman in Black or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, the story itself is heavily based on a gothic genre which consists of all the things you would expect to see in a gothic novel, haunted houses, isolated areas, dark themes and of course, in this particular novel, this mysterious ‘Woman in Black’. With this gothic genre, comes a gothic title which is definitely identified by one word, â€Å"Black†. The work ‘black’ always creates a negative mood and shows darkness and links this mood with the story, so you know what sort of things to expect from this book just from the title but more importantly, you want to know why. This is what will encourage the reader to read and enjoy the book. Secondly, I think a sense of mystery is created by the title ‘The Woman in Black’ and this creates questions about the book. This adds to the enjoyment of the book as their will always be tension and suspense in anticipation about the appearance of the Woman in Black. An example of this is when Arthur Kipps calls the woman in at the funeral â€Å"the woman with the wasted face†, this would just seem normal but the fact that this woman is all in black relates us back to the title which creates suspicion about this woman. The main questions I think the title brings up about this book is who actually is this Woman in Black and why is she so important in the book? And these questions will stir around in your head the throughout the novel and will add to the effect that the Woman in Black brings as all will be focused on her. Overall, I think the title ‘The Woman in Black’ forms a better interest for the novel in a variety of different ways and all these different ways, however small or large their effect, build up and create the effect as a whole. I think the effect is most noticeably shown through the entertainment of the novel which the title adds towards as well and the main reason I think Susan Hill named her novel this title was to enhance the entertainment that this novel produces. How to cite Woman in Black, Essay examples

Auditing & Assurance Services in Australia

Question: Discuss about theAuditing Assurance Services in Australia. Answer: Introduction The significances of Auditing and Assurance Services are perpetually expanding in current business environment for the cotemporary business organization and these plays huge part during the time spent distinguishing the characteristic threat exist inside the association (Botica Redmayne, 2012). These specific administrations help in distinguishing the own quality and shortcoming of a business association. Extraordinarily, the shortcoming in dealing with the records of the transaction of the organization can be performed by the Auditing and Assurance Services. Aside from this, it helps in making reports from the data recorded by the bookkeeper of the organization on the budgetary occasions, which took places inside this financial year. It helps in perceiving the in house issues and the operational issues aspects and by giving additional emphasis for the issue the issues can be lessened thus that the organization can enhance its proficiency and viability (Dong, Paul and Zhang, 2009). A long these lines the organization can guarantee its further development and advancement in this way the whole stakeholders of the organization are profited by Auditing and Assurance Services. The basic parts of the Auditing and Assurance Services are to investigation the money related articulations or the financial reports of the organization. The auditors use to give audit report after fulfillment of the inspecting undertakings. The review report on a firm gives real data about the money related matter of the particular firm. As more, an outsider direct the examining in this way, its dependence is expanded. The auditors essentially deal with whole partners' advantages and the advantage of the organizations (Gay and Simnett, 2012). For this report an Australian business substance named One Tell has been embraced and all the imperative hypotheses and ideas will be talked about in view of this firm. Discussion on Features Contribute in Rising Inherent Risk Estimation There are a few factors which essentially contributed in developing intrinsic threat evaluation. Few of the basic components, which are recognized in the attempted contextual analysis, for example, building deficient structure of the business elements and also missing of the professional ethics (Hay, 2014). In the embraced contextual investigation of One Tell it is watched that the organization was a standout amongst the most settled Australian organizations, fourth biggest media transmission organization in Australia. Regardless of fulfilling considerable achievement the organization has been broke down just inside its six operation year. It is found from the case that the senior most administration staffs of the association are reveling with disgrace for this reasons the organization was missing from satisfactory professional ethics (Imoniana and Perera, 2016). Apart from this, the organization had lack proficient competency, honesty and objectivity that drove the organization to i ts horrendous goal. Auditors' part was vigorously condemned on account of One Tell Company. Besides, hence the organization's budgetary activities need to experience stringent examined process. Other than this, the organization needs to confront the risk of liquidation. Also, the stowing away budgetary data is depicted detailed way. The examiner's execution in this matter has been taken in a fabulous route; in any case, for this situation their execution was not appropriate with a specific end goal to judge of the firm (Knechel, 2013). On account of reviewing the firm, the adequacy and also effectiveness of the auditors appeared to be shattered, as the risk appraisal keeping in mind the end goal to the procedure of Auditing has been missing. By making successful judgment, the inadequacy of the expert morals can be judged. In addition, in this particular way the inadequacy in corporate administration can be discovered besides, along these lines the organization was setting off to the liquidation state. The organization made tremendous misfortune by making wastages of the assets of the organization and mistaken choice by the top administration of the organization drove the business firm to the liquidation level (Louwers, 2005). Along these lines, on account of One Tell both the auditors firms BOD and Ernst Young are inadequate in respectability and they were one-sided for the top individuals from in the administration. Recognition of Known Aspects in Strategic Business Risk Estimation As per the financial report of the business substances, it can be watched that in a critical balance sheet of the organization the risk proportion is eternally developed. Aside from this, it is additionally watched that in the cash flow statement of the firm the operation benefit is much lower than the operation cost (Messier and Emby, 2005). The suppliers' installment and also the compensation of the staffs are additionally much higher the installment got from the clients of the business firm. In this way, the organization needs to face misfortune for the business operation by the organization. Aside from this, the speculation exercises of the organization were likewise misfortune for the organization in light of the fact that the firm put gigantic measure of cash in the plant and hardware. In addition, just financing exercises by the organization made benefit for the organization. Additionally, as per the profit and loss statement of the organization, the business firm has acquired serious misfortunes (Ruhnke and Lubitzsch, 2010). In 2000, the business firm got achievement in accomplishing enormous development however regardless of the development the business firm was running in losses. By and large the business firm and its administration have comparable destinations and also focus for the eventual fate of the business firm. Nonetheless, in some cases the guideline does not work and the organization's destinations differ from the target of the administration staffs of the organization (Saxena et al., 2010). In addition, in those cases the issue starts, as on account of One Tell happened. This specific circumstance of the business firm is called Principle Agent Problem. One Tell confront the comparative issues and it was the key explanation behind the breakdown of the organization. Discussion on Inherent Risk Features and their Role in Growing Inherent Risk Estimation Inappropriate corporate governance is seen in this particular case, it was the key rationale behind the end of the business firm, and that drove the business firm to the condition of liquidation. As a result of the poor corporate administration the administration structure of the organization turned out to be exceptionally poor and with poor administration structure the organization couldn't have the capacity to convey satisfactory execution that help the organization in surviving (Seetharaman, Sun and Wang, 2011). The administration of the organization was involved with 4 individuals, who are the non official Directors of the organization. Out of the 4 Directors 3 were liable to each year election. The fourth one is Jodee Rich, the CEO of the organization who was not elected by the shareholders of the organization. Toward the end of 1988 the organization augmented its board and includes four more individuals (Subramaniam and Carey, 2011). Additionally, among the eight board members around then there are 3 individuals who were High School classmates of Jodee Rich. The auditing and financial board of the organization included two individuals who were close to Jodee Rich the CEO of the organization. The financial board of trustees individuals was not autonomous chiefs with the positions they hold in the organization. Examination directed by ASIC alongside Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia distinguished that the business firm had conceded use of 48 million AUD. Other than this, the organization acquired misfortunes that were more prominent than 40 million AUD (Seetharaman, Sun and Wang, 2011). The review accomplice and the outside examiners were discovered blameworthy, in view of overstretching the Australian Accounting and Auditing measures and charged forty eight million. It is viewed regardless of greater pay of 2.3 million AUD the official chiefs of the organization got bonuses of 82.5 million AUD when the business firm was experiencing the misfo rtunes of 292 million AUD in 2000. It is distinguished that keeping in mind the end goal to conceal the data from people in general these rewards were set apart as postponed uses and the foundation expense of the business firm in Europe according to the key worldwide development arrangement of the organization. Judgment on the Risks as High Medium or Low The business firm had high hazard alongside lower surrender systems and a scope of motivator for the crisp buyers and in addition this couldn't be viable in consistent premise in Australia as the business sector over yonder is little. In portable business sector, there are six administrations suppliers in Australia and according to the report it is second biggest in the worldwide business sector (Saxena et al., 2010). Moreover, the uses of the business substances were past the money related limit of the firm. Other than this, the One Tell charges a great deal more for the membership in contrast with the other media transmission in Australia. Broad telephone limit acquired from Telstra and Optus was utilized by One Tell. Be that as it may, the firm had attempted to offer economical package to its clients yet at the same time the two predominant structures Telstra and Optus had an ostensible working expense in contrast with One Tell (Knechel, 2013). The business strategies of One Tell were amazingly reliant on Telstra and Optus; notwithstanding, in the meantime both the enormous organizations are key rival of the business firm. Recognition of the Primary Aspects Intended for Useful Decision-Making There are other persuasive perspectives, which help in successful basic decisions were consequentially disappointment of the Billing system. It is clear in the auditing methods that the arrangement of the senior IT staffs of this particular firm is to a great degree sketchy. The individual in charge of advancement were given rewards taking into account auspicious building and set up of novel projects and the framework (Gay and Simnett, 2012). There was no need of testing or need to give the key archives in admiration of the quality system. One of the main bookkeeper of the organization uncovered that the organization has no structure or any bookkeeping framework, no technique or any control in the charging arrangement of the firm. Fundamentally the billing system of the firm was precise for dealing with the issues. Conclusion It is clear that for the ruin of One Tell, any single part cannot be accused. There was insufficiency in company structure, missing in professional ethics, as well as scarcity in corporate governance, which drove the firm to its end and the firm collapsed. References Botica Redmayne, N. (2012). Essentials of Auditing, Assurance Services Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach20121 Essentials of Auditing, Assurance Services Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach . Massey: Massey University 1st ed.J Acc Organizational Change, 8(1), pp.120-122. Dong, J., Paul, R. and Zhang, L. (2009).High assurance services computing. Dordrecht: Springer. Gay, G. and Simnett, R. (2012).Auditing and assurance services in Australia. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Education. Hay, D. (2014). Auditing, International Auditing and the International Journal of Auditing: Editorial.International Journal of Auditing, 18(1), pp.1-1. Imoniana, J. and Perera, L. (2016). The role of IS Auditing in assurance services.MANAGEMENT CONTROL, (1), pp.17-33. Knechel, W. (2013). Do Auditing Standards Matter?.Current Issues in Auditing, p.130422090429005. Louwers, T. (2005).Auditing and assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill. Messier, W. and Emby, C. (2005).Auditing assurance services. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Ruhnke, K. and Lubitzsch, K. (2010). Determinants of the Maximum Level of Assurance for Various Assurance Services.International Journal of Auditing, 14(3), pp.233-255. Saxena, R., Srinivas, K., Rai, U. and Rai, S. (2010).Auditing. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Seetharaman, A., Sun, Y. and Wang, W. (2011). Tax-Related Financial Statement Restatements and Auditor-Provided Tax Services.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 26(4), pp.677-698. Subramaniam, N. and Carey, P. (2011). Risk management, governance and assurance.Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7).

Virgil At Odds Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Epic Poets, Iulii

Virgil At Odds While on the surface the Aeneid could be seen as a Roman epic meant to glorify Rome and rival those of the ancient Greeks, the author was engaged in a struggle. Virgil had to satisfy the cultural demands of his work, the political demands of his time, and his own personal demands as an artist. In tackling his problem, Virgil is revealed to be slightly reluctant of embracing fully the still young regime of Octavian but still proud of Rome and his ancestry, and concerned with the moral issues of civil war. When considering the style with which Virgil composed the Aeneid, it is important to look at the time in which he lived and exactly what was going on around him when it was written. Virgil was born in 70 BC and died in 19 BC. This places him in the very beginning of what was to be a long and relatively stable existence of the Roman Empire. Further, it was during the poet's lifetime that Rome made citizens of all Italians, allowing a huge community to share in Rome's growing heritage. People who formerly may have felt like outcasts under the oppression of Rome could now call Rome their own. This included Virgil because he came from a provincial Italian town far outside Rome. W.A. Camps cites that while Virgil was still a young man, his family's estates were confiscated by Caesar to be given to veterans of the battle of Philippi (1). Caesar was eventually assassinated and the next twenty years of the poet's life are shaded by bloody struggles for power among heirs and military leaders. Eventually Caesar's adopted son Octavian defeats Marc Antony and Cleopatra's forces and brings all Rome under his rule, in about 30 BC. This is important because Virgil had been fond of Octavian, although it is not known if he publicly supported anyone during the conflict. It is known that Virgil came to enjoy first the friendship then the patronage of Octavian and his minister Maecenas, both of whom bestowed a small fortune upon him (Freeman 389). While Virgil accepted their patronage he was still wary of capitulating the new emperor and sacrificing any integrity. Charles Freeman writes that Virgil's contemporary, Horace also reflects these feelings. Octavian, now known as Caesar Augustus, took a liking to Horace just as he did Virgil, endowing him with gifts and money. Eventually Augustus asked Horace to be his secretary, and Horace refused, citing the need to protect his integrity as a poet. (391) Virgil felt great gratitude towards an emperor who vigorously supported the arts and brought the Empire much stability but at the same time faced a moral dilemma. Augustus was looking for a poet to write a national epic about him and his rise to power. In a letter Augustus wrote to Maecenas he says, If I had any talent for the heroic epic, I'd not waste my time on stories from mythology . . . I'd write about Caesar's wars and achievements (qtd. in Quinn 27). This sheds light on the morality issue Virgil faced as an artist. There were plenty of epic poets available in Rome at the time, and plenty were approached with this daunting task of writing an epic with Augustus as the hero. Nearly all declined, and even Virgil was reluctant. That says something about the attitudes of the poets of his time. They were not interested in art for art's sake. They wanted to create of their own accord something that came from within. Kenneth Quinn points out that they wrote with very high standards of integrity, and wrote not for widespread popularity of their works but for approval of their literary peers (30). Poets were writing of their own personalities; their own views and ideas of right and wrong. They were not to be leased out for purposes of glorifying Rome's leader. In a widely known of reply to Augustus' letter inquiring as to Virgil's progress, the poet writes that he thinks he may have been out of his mind to have undertaken the task in the first place (Freeman 387). He was obviously struggling to balance his need to satisfy himself artistically without sacrificing

Child Development Essays

Child Development Essays Child Development Essay Child Development Essay Essay question: Jean Piaget proposed a step-wise sequence of mental development during childhood. Provide an overview of Piaget’s core ideas, discussing evidence for and against these ideas. Jean Piaget (1869-1980) started to investigate children’s development after two years of working with children in Binet’s lab (Eddy, 2010). He found that children of younger aged gave different answers than those of alder age not because they have less knowledge but because they thought differently.He describes development as sequence of stages and each of these stages represents different type of thinking occurs in variable ages in different background (Vidal, 2000) Focal point – children have all the cognitive mechanisms to learn by constantly react with their environment. Experiences also play an very important formative role in children’s development. Piaget (1985) says that experience engenders disequilibrium and eventually a higher state of equilibrium. So me underlying principle behind Piaget’s theory: Schema: cognitive structures or frameworks that represent certain aspect of the world and to help individuals understand the world they inhibit. * Adaptation: the process that builds and adapts our schemes through interaction with environment. * Assimilation: a process that takes in substances and stimulations or incorporates/ fits new information into pre-existing schema (Read, 1997). * Accommodation: this happens when the existing schema does not work and changes are needed to adapt better to the assimilated reality (Read, 1997).The four stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: 1. The sensorimotor stage (0-2 years): Develop the ability to make sense of the world by using their senses ad motor abilities. 2. Preoperational stage (2-7 years): begin to develop motor skills but still lacks of understanding of conservation of physical properties. Wellman and Gelman (1992) claim that young children by age 3 or 4, th ey see people as processing beliefs, desires, thoughts and images as well as emotional reactions. 3. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years): child able to think logically 4.Formal operational stage (11 years ): able to manage higher order reasoning. (Read, 1997) * Describe each of the stages with more details. * Critically discuss the stages of Piaget’s theory. Strength of Piaget’s theory This theory changes the way that people thinks the child’s mind and his work increases interest in child development and it is very useful as practical application to the real world such as education and development psychology(Cherry, 2013). Further the understanding of cognitive development and children.Weakness Some have said that children are more precocious than what Piaget’s proposed. Piaget underestimated children’s abilities (Cherry, 2013). Some claim that Piaget’s did not include intervention into account. He did not consider about the importance of social influence of an adult. The aspects in Piaget’s step-wise model are strict and rigid. Besides, Cherry (2013) states that research show that all children will automatically move to next stage of development but not through environmental factors.

The Nature of Organisational Change (Mod 5 Case Leadership and Change) Essay

The Nature of Organisational Change (Mod 5 Case Leadership and Change) - Essay Example These include shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees, societal groups as well as communities which are concerned with the legal and natural environment in which the business operates. The stakeholders have keen interest in the moves of the organization as they are positively and negatively affected by them. Stakeholders such as investors have put their money into the business and therefore, it is their right to stay informed on how the company is progressing and of course up to date knowledge of dividend/profit generation. Any decision that lowers the profit yield would never get appreciation from shareholders. Employees are the ones who work devotedly for the company to make a living; they have the right to know in what direction the company is going because they are concerned about securing their future. Before actually introducing change into the organization, the engagement and approval of all employees is essential so that they could work with motivation and commitment and demonstrate no negative productivity. In the same manner, the customers, who are the end users of the company’s products and services, must be educated about the strategic decisions of the organization. The reputation of any business lies in the hand of its customers. If any business is unable to deliver the promised value to its customers, it will lose its credibility and loyalty which would ultimately affect the financial performance. Suppliers are integral to the success of any business. Suppliers need to stay informed about the company’s activities so that they could estimate the demand for raw material as well as promptness in payments. In the same way, environmental groups are concerned about ensuring that the businesses are operating in an environmentally friendly manner. If the environmental rules are being violated by any business, strict actions are taken which can tarnish the brand image. Every decision that the CEO of an organization makes

Mars and Wrigley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mars and Wrigley - Essay Example Barr, A. (n.d.) â€Å"Buffett gets closer to Mars through Wrigley deal† Available at (Accessed: June 9, 2010). 5 Thelwell, E. (April 28, 2008) â€Å"Mars snaps up Wrigley for $23bn with help from Buffett†. Available at (Accessed: June 9, 2010). 5 Mars and Wrigley had individually been playing in the food sector of United States until the former acquired the latter during the second half of 2008 in lieu of US$23 million. Since then, the merged company had been enjoying a significant part in the food market of USA, with an increased support from the investors. This favor has been reflected in the form of an appreciated P/E ratio of 27.8 for the company, compared to that of the market which is floating at 15. The relevance of this statistic is that investors are ready to pay 27.8 times the amount they expect to earn from Mars-Wrigley shares. In contrast, the average market statistic is 15 times the amount that investors are willing to pay for earning 1 unit. Clearly, the shares of the merged company have been selling at a market premium, which could easily be concluded as a consequence of a positive anticipation from the mass. There might be a few reasons behind such an optimistic approach though. Firstly, after acquisition, the position of the merged company rose to those of peers of high-end players like Cadbury and Nestle. In other words, Mars-Wrigley since 2008, started to be known as competitors for the two giants. Secondly, the merged company has expanded its productive capabilities and range of goods which it produces, since 2008. Previously, Cadbury had been the only player in the US food sector which had

HIV in african country Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HIV in african country - Research Paper Example The following are some of the cultural factors which contribute to increased rate of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. HIV in South Africa Tiruneh (2009, p.106) argues that in South Africa the rank of women is below that of men and the society is male dominated. During socialization, women are meant to the belief that women are inferior to them. Women are supposed to be submissive and have respect for men. Inequality in power between the two sexes put women at a higher risk of contracting the disease. Because of the position they hold in the society, women have no say on sexual matters. The choice of whether or not to use condoms is entirely depended on men. Discrimination against people with HIV makes it hard for prevention of the disease. Patients fear seeking medical assistance because they will be discriminated by the rest of the community members. Because of fear of signaling the HIV status, infected people fear adopting behaviors related to the disease. For instance, breast feeding mot hers continue to breastfeed their young children for fear that other people will question them the reasons behind lack of breastfeeding. Infected men fear using condom for fear of being suspected by their partners (Human Sciences Research Council, 2009, p.66). Sexuality is perceived as a source of economic benefit. Commercial sex workers are very many in South Africa, an aspect which contributes to the high rates of HIV and Aids transmission. Material possession and association with many partners is a sign of prestige among South African black men. In exchange for money and large gifts, young ladies are tempted to engage in sexual activities with aged men. The young ladies affect young men who in turn infect other women and the cycle goes on. The disease is also spread to older women by their husbands (Tiruneh, 2009, p.115). According to Tiruneh (2009, p.117), many people in South Africa, especially the illiterate ones, lack adequate knowledge concerning HIV disease, how it is trans mitted and the risks which expose an individual to the disease. Illiteracy levels are higher among girls who in most cases fail to complete basic education (Buve, Bishikwabo-Nsarhaza & Mutangadura, 2002, p.2014). The culture of South Africa requires women to undertake domestic chores which make them lack time to interact with the outside world. Lack of guidance and counseling on sexuality issues and poor access to protective devices like condoms make youths engage in unsafe sex. Other people fail to buy condoms for fear that it will portray them as immoral. Some of the cultural practices which are related to sexuality increase the prevalence of HIV and Aids disease. Many South Africans have negative attitudes toward condom use. First, it is associated to mistrust and unfaithfulness in relationships. Secondly, South African men believe that sex without condom is more pleasurable and it is good for human health (Brummer, 2002, p.12). Cultural Assessment Model Cultural assessment model s include research design, cross-cultural and panel. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression will be used in the estimation of models used within the paper. The method will be used to determine the impacts that HIV disease has on regional, cultural, political and socioeconomic factors. Prevalence of the disease among the adult population will be used as the dependent variable. The number of infected people between the ages of 15

Why We Need Accounting Standards Accounting Essay

Why We Need Accounting Standards Accounting Essay This essay talks about Accounting Standards which is important in financial. And it is interesting topic which discusses identified accounting standards which is important to each company. And it is analysis different things which relate with Accounting Standards as: International Accounting Standards (IAS), Accounting Standards Board (ASB), why we need accounting standards? , different accounting standards, and finally advantages and disadvantages of accounting standards Accounting Standards are authoritative statements of how particular types of transaction and other events should be reflected in financial statements and accordingly compliance with accounting standards will normally be necessary for financial statements to give a true and fair view. [Aidan, (1971)] In fact, Inflation accounting was only one part of a bigger move towards accounting standards. Standards had been proposed a few years earlier to limit the extent for judgment in the preparation of accounts. International Accounting Standards (IAS) are lay down by the international Accounting Standards Board. Now these are compulsory for all European listed companies. The US market rejects IAS without reconciliation to US GAAP. UK non-listed companies still follow UK accounting standards. [Mellett, (1995)] Accounting Standards Board The connection among the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is one that can be increased continuously. These have same task which able to improve continuously and make rules to preparation financial reports. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is considered one branch of the financial statements. This company based in Norwalk and Connecticut and its non-profit. In financial accounting, the (FASB) has responsibility for put principles of accounting for the private sector. Why do we need accounting standards? Accounting is used in every type of business and organization from big multinational organizations to local shop, from traders and companies. It can cover an unlimited range of activities as different for example: charities, doctors, lawyers, mines, betting shops, banks, cinemas, circuses, farms, airlines, estate agents and so on. People invest in organizations of all kinds and they would all like types have faith and trust in the figures reported in their financial statements. But this variety of kind of business, and of size, means that, while general principles can be laid down, detailed regulations that it would make sense to apply to one company would be unsuitable for another company. For example; impossible to provide 100% assurance of the validity of the financial statements of every conceivable organization through the creation of a single set of rules and procedures. Accounting is very important to help the reader to arrive conclusion, and there are important set guidelines to take any thing relate to the accounting. These guidelines are called accounting policies. The intricacies of accounting policies allowed companies to change accounting principles for their benefit. This made it impossible to make comparisons. For example; Accounting Standards in India are issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountant of India (ICAI). At present there are 30 Accounting Standards issued by ICAI. Different Accounting Standards Different accounting standers are a drag on improvement in much the same way as different languages are an inconvenience. Unlike creating a world language, crating one set of standards is achievable. Apart from the possible saving for companies with different international structure, complying with an internationally understood accounting paradigm opens up a wider investment audience. [Betsy Willis and Becky Jones, 1998] Conceptual Framework The development of a coherent and consistent set of accounting principles which underpin the preparation and presentation of financial statements. First- and fundamental importance- all involved in global financial reporting must have a common mission or objective. At the heart of that mission is a conceptual framework which must focus on the investor, provide decision-useful information, and assure that capital is allocated in a manner that achieves the lowest cost in our world markets. A conceptual framework is an attempt to create a set of fundamental accounting principles which will help standard-setting. A major achievement of the search for a conceptual framework has been the emergence of the decision-making model. The essence of this is that the objective of financial statements is to provide financial information useful to a wide range of users for making economic decision. A second objective is to provide financial information for assessing the stewardship of managers. In order to be useful, this information must be relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable. Although there is general agreement on the essentials of a decision- making model, there is little consensus on which measurement model should underpin the decision-making process. Conceptual Framework [http://sqarra.wordpress.com/concept/] Advantages of Accounting Standards: Accounting standards is keeping track of transaction It be used to predict cash flow and maintain a budget and for revenue expected It has facilities for offer uniform reports to financial statement It is useful to investors and to foreign groups to evaluate the development of another investment in different companies in different countries Standards helps accountant to contact with their customers through the offer set of laws of authority to which the accountants can appeal It is use to regulate the different accounting policies and practices with a view to eliminate to the scope possible the non-comparability of financial statements Disadvantages of Accounting Standards: An unfavorable condition or circumstance. Something that places one in an unfavorable condition or circumstance. Damage or loss, especially to reputation or finances; detriment. Conclusion Accounting standards is important for any company in the world. It is help companies to know how much is loss or gain monthly and yearly. So its must be careful when do its account to be all thing correct. It is necessary to keeps a budget and revenue for the company. Also it is important in accounting standards show framework of any project the company will does such as know the objective of financial statement, Underlying assumptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. Also it considers an attempt to create group of accounting principles which help to put standards.

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

The book Catcher in the Rye tells of Holden Caulfield's insight about life and the world around him. Holden shares many of his opinions about people and leads the reader on a 5 day visit into his mind. Holden, throughout the book, made other people feel inferior to his own. I can relate to this because although I do not view people inferior to myself, I do judge others unequally. Holden and I both have similar judgements of people from the way they act and behave. We also share feelings about motivation as well as lack of it. After reading this book, I came to the conclusion that Holden and I are much more similar than I initially believed. Holden portrayed others to be inferior to his own kind all throughout the book. He made several references as to how people aren't as perfect as he was. "The reason he [Stradlater] fixed himself up to look good was because he was madly in love with himself." (pg. 27) Holden had an inferiority complex. He was afraid of not having any special talents or abilities and used other methods to make him out to be a rough tough boy. "Boy, I sat at that goddam bar till around one o'clock or so, getting drunk as a bastard. I could hardly see straight." (pg. 150) Holden tried all he could to fit in. He drank, cursed and criticized life in general to make it seem he was very knowing of these habits. I myself have found me doing this at times, also. I, at times, feel the need to fit in to a group and do things similar to what others do in order to gain acceptance by them. I smoked a cigar once with two friends of mine because they kept going on and on about how great cigars were, but that was only once. Holden and I both place people on levels other than our own for amount of knowledge and likeness to ourselves. Holden used the term 'phonies' to describe more than a few people in this book. He used the term to be what a person is if they don't act naturally and follow other people's manners and grace. Holden didn't like phonies, he thought of them as if they were trying to show off. He didn't like it when they showed off because it seemed so fake and unnatural every time they would do so. "At the end of the first act we went out with all the other jerks for a cigarette. What a deal that

Child Labor Essay

Throughout history there have been articles, boycotts, books, poems, and so much more released to raise awareness on child labor. Children work under illegal, hazardous, and exploitative conditions each day risking their lives. Many of these children have their opportunity for an education taken away to work under harmful circumstances. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† was written to help aware and prevent child labor. William Blake wrote a poem to aware the society of child labor in Britain. A real life event inspired him to write his poem about the injustice being done to the children. Child labor is exploitation to children. They were out in extremely hazardous conditions that threaten their lives. Children began to die because they were stuck in an unsafe place. The ashes that surrounded them threatened their physical health to an extreme. Fires would be set and the children would be stuck in the chimney causing them to burn to death. Blake uses a variety of symbolism through biblical ideas. He uses symbols to represent what he states in his poem. The Chimney Sweeper is based on a true story. This boy was sold and left alone by his father. Tom sweeps chimneys with four other boys: Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack. One night tom dreams that he and the other children are sleeping in black coffins. Blake says this relating to the black ashes the children are covered in every day from sweeping the chimneys. In his dream an angel appears with a key. She unlocks the coffin the children were in and let them out. â€Å"Were all of them lock’d up in coffins of black. And by came an Angel who had a bright key, And he open’d the coffins & set them all free;† (lines 12-14) Child labor has been a big issue since industrialization began. Like the poem children were being put to work in atrocious conditions. Child labor was used because they do not have to get paid as much as adults. They were working more than a full time job. Some children would end up working for factories when their family could not afford much so they would give them up. Blake’s poem created a well-known issue concerning child labor in the real world. The way Blake described the children’s suffering and harsh living conditions caught the attention of many of his readers. The poem was created with the intention to have laws against child labor. As well as in Britain, there were many places around the world that were creating laws against child labor like the United States. The British act stated the age limit for children to begin working, children should be washed once a week, and prohibited to clean chimneys with fire in them. This act marked part of a beginning into the long battle to fight for the end of child labor. Unfortunately, till this day child labor occurring all around the world. The International Labor Organization estimated that over 215 million children under the age of 17 are currently working under illegal and harmful conditions. Children around the world are still suffering and unprivileged from opportunities of an education. A lot is done around the world to help and reach awareness to people about child labor. William Blake’s â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a great resource created to help inform the people of the suffering and unfortunate life children live. Work Cited Blake, William. â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper.† –Blake. Web. 18 May 2012.. Fried, Milton. â€Å"Child Labor.† History of Child Labor. Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. Web. 18 May 2012. . Heath, DIanne. â€Å"Social Science Medley.† Analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† by William Blake ~. Social Science Medley, 30 Mar. 2011. Web. 18 May 2012. . Songs of Innocence,1789 and Songs of Experience; 1794 http://165.29.91.7/classes/humanities/britlit/97-98/blake/POEMS.htm; â€Å"- Texts in Context.† Imagery, Symbolism and Themes in Blake’s The Chimney Sweeper (I) from Crossref it.info. Web. 18 May 2012. .

Family Life Cycle Theory Essay

State the three developmental tasks outlined in the family life cycle theory. Discuss 2 factors examined in this unit that affect the completion of each developmental task. Include examples. (300 – 400 words) The family life cycle describes early adulthood as a stage in which individuals are launched from their families of origin. Parents and children must separate from one another so that young adults can accept emotional responsibility for themselves. The three developmental tasks must be mastered to allow the family life cycle theory to occur. The first developmental task outlines that young adults must form an identity separate from that of the family or origin. This process is known as individualization. The second developmental task declares that young adults must develop new intimate relationships with peers outside of the family to provide the social and emotional support they need. The third developmental task indicates that young adults must make their first tentative commitment to a career or workplace role. These developmental tasks enable young adults to be self-sufficient adults. The parents and child relationship must change in order to be less hierarchical so that a young adult can accept responsibilities for making decisions. Parents must be tolerant of difference of opinions as young adults make occupational choices. They must all accept that their child is forming new intimate relationships. There are several factors in this unit that affect the completion of each developmental task. In the first task, development involves change in response to crisis so the family can move on to a different, not necessarily better stage. In the movie Step Brothers, both Dale and Brennan (the step-brothers), realize they caused the separation of their parents. They are forced to put matters into their own hands and move out. This proves to be a critical moment in both their lives. Dale and Brennan need to sort out emotionally what they will take along from the family or origin, what they will leave behind, and what they will create for themselves. In the second tasks, an important factor is that development involves seeking new relationships with people who will soon become a permanent fixture in your life. For example, referring to same movie, once Dale and Brennan had left the home, they both seek to develop new relationships. Dale discovers an intimate relationship with Brennan’s brother’s wife. Brennan tries forming an intimate relationship with his counselor as well as a better relationship with his new acquired brother.

Privacy And Information Technology Essays - Business Software

Privacy And Information Technology Essays - Business Software Privacy And Information Technology Geoffrey Graves MG3700 Mid Term Exam 4/24/2000 Part I 1.) In order to produce an upwards swing in revenue, Toy World must track its customers buying trends with more accuracy and more detail. The Point of Sale system that they are currently working from can be improved and made to reduce after-market inventory. Trend data can be used for a wide variety of purposes. One of the first problems is the store design and layout of items. Sale items and hot merchandise must be as strategically positioned as possible to allow a prospective customer to locate and remove the item from the shelf quickly and painlessly. By analyzing customer data, the new system must be able to sort items not only by popularity, but also by genre. Once data is collected, new stores can be quickly designed around the products. Some trends never die, seen by the toy world market data. Comparing one toy with another is extremely important in order to decipher just why its a big seller. The POS system should be able to lay out all pertinent information about a toy obtained from sales data, and compare it next to a variable number of other hot sellers. Data can be compared with toy descriptions after analysis of the item, and research of the toys advertisements and media exposure. Also by doing this, under- stocking and over-stocking shelves can be prevented. A hot toy can be kept in stock if the retailer orders a large quantity ahead of time after POS analysis. What of the items that dont sell much when the POS data is analyzed? The system should be able compute the quantity to order, to keep in the stock room, or to totally remove the item from inventory. 2.) At the snap-shot of this case, Toy Worlds tactical strategic position was decent and had room for expansion, but the tactical position was lacking in many areas. If you ask the CIO of any successful company that has been around for about 25 years, he will agree that for maximum results and increased overall cash inflow, a large portion of the budget should be spent on IT. More funds towards improvement of the POS system would have increased revenue two or even threefold. Much of the data network at Toy World is too slow to handle the amount of traffic necessary to sufficiently analyze POS information. From IT Planning (Exhibit 5) the MIS spending plan as a fraction of sales, decreases from 0.9% in 1987 to 0.8% in 1988, around $4000. This shows a clear lack of good prediction when this % of sales data is compared with the revenue (Exhibit 3) of $10 million. IT spending could have been increased by 50%, (1.8-2.0) percent from 1986 to 1987 with practically no negative side effects. Strategically, the company was looking towards the future of sales. One of the major ideas that were worked into Toy Worlds electronic future was e-commerce. If they were to win that race, the sales would predictably skyrocket. Toys are the perfect product to purchase online for tech savvy moms and dads at Christmas time. Though the technological problems were many, Toy World was still a leader in toys manufacturing and sale. 3.) As the CIO of Toy World, I would have a comprehensive and competent staff working in a team-oriented workplace. The new management team positions would be Systems Analysts would be hired in order to redesign the POS system. The system would keep the same base coding and structure but certain descriptive items must be added to the data analysis. This team would be in charge of analyzing the system and would work closely with the team of programmers to design the best way to integrate additions to the POS system. The Lead Programmers would work closely with the Systems Analysts with the intent of upgrading the IT systems of Toy World. They must be competent in ANSI C, C++, SQL, Visual Basic, ORACLE, UNIX (AIX), and any other database systems. Web Support and Development Experts would be in charge of an E-commerce storefront and the development of a company website. This team of web savvy programmers and web designers would maintain the web system and servers. The team would also update

Performing Effective Project Monitoring and Risk Management Essay

Performing Effective Project Monitoring and Risk Management - Essay Example It provides the tools that are going to be and guidance on the way forward. For this mobile application design, one wants to create an application that enables the customers to locate a coffee shop nearest to them. Therefore, the application should function well and the software should be up to date. One  needs to have the appropriate budget and the best people working in the project. The mobile application software should synchronize well with the infrastructure (Gowell, 2012). The above is an example of how to detect the problems in mobile application project and what should be if detected. If there are defects, the problem should be reported back to the reporter and it should inform the customer that the issue being resolved. It should also tell the customer to check again later and if the problem persists, he or she should contact his or her mobile operator. It is all about the information and the operator should also know that the software is not working and inform the IT department of the  problem  so that it can be done within the shortest period. If there is a design  or software  error, then the IT manager and the team should find solutions to the problems and resolve them. The software may be defective  or even the hardware itself. All that matters are that the defect is and the application for finding the nearest coffee shop works well. A customer should not find a defect with the product and so it is the work  of the whole team to pr event this from occurring. Communication is crucial within and outside the business because without it the business would fall. For the marketing management team, information is very importance because it helps in advertising, marketing and selling of the company’s products and services. It also helps in developing a strategic vision, creation of brand awareness, expression of competitive advantage, attracting talent, fostering goodwill and also informing the investment

Utilitarian Theories of Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Utilitarian Theories of Punishment - Essay Example This theory relies on some intrinsic value being installed within a person initially in order for these decisions and distinction to be made. The tern utilitarianism was established or became from philosopher Bentham’s test question; ‘What is the use of it,’. Bentham’s’ theory suggests that all pleasures are qualitatively alike; grading them based on values such as intensity, certainty, purity, fruitfulness, length and temporal closeness. While Bentham and Mills were philosophers they were also known as economists and Mills theory expanded on utilitarianism. Mills suggested that pleasure is something that can be quantified and qualified and that those who are aquatinted with both prefer that pleasures are quantified. Explaining this preference involves assuming that humans have a sense of decency within their higher faculties and that this dignity is necessary for happiness and those pleasures which conflict with maintaining this dignity is rejected. Theory’s regarding punishment is usually either retributive or utilitarian (Rawls). Those that are retributive emphasize past actions in consideration of the consequence that much must be paid. Theories that are utilitarian are frequently seen as the opposing position and are often used in consideration of the future. Utilitarian theories of punishment will serve as the focus of this discussion.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 60

Essay Example Without printing, it would be too difficult to document the knowledge. Printing also improved the efficiency of writers, and thus more literature review in good shape was available to the researchers to develop the technology. Referencing played the role of a catalyst in the development of the information’s history as it encouraged scholars to conduct research as they would be remembered for their positive contributions towards the creation of knowledge in the times to come. Development of the history of information as well as all factors like writing, literacy, printing, and referencing, can fundamentally be attributed to the development of science because scientific knowledge was used to develop the tools and equipments need for printing, and writing etc. Public contributed to the development of information’s history by being the prime player in the field. Humans developed technology for personal, social, and political gains using all of the elements discussed above. For example, technology was developed to win the wars (Heilbroner

An Exploration of Morality and Privacy Essay Example for Free

An Exploration of Morality and Privacy Essay Shakespeares Measure for Measure is a play that is hard to like. It is stark, structured, and monotoned in dialogue and plot. The characters within the play are overwhelming disgusting specimens of humanity who are one dimension characters which seem to not be fully developed. Central character, The Duke, is a cruel and calculating leader that is more like a puppet master than a living, breathing man. He is responsible for manipulating the characters and free will within the play, Measure for Measure. The Dukes actions are morally wrong. While The Duke claims his motivations are pure and he is trying to observe the governance of Vienna, there are other motives. The Duke likes to control people, by pretending to be a Friar is able to emotional rape and manipulate people and their free will. The Duke, who lives Italy, is in charge and it is his civic duty to maintain order. However, he seems unable to do so on his own. He employs the indifferent and unemotional Lord Angelo to carry out the gruesome work as punisher. The Duke, instead, decides that he should go out and mingle with his citizens. He decides to dress like and pretend to be a Friar. Lord Angelo, like many corrupt official, becomes intoxicating with power, using it for his own gain. The Duke shrugs off his duties to another individual which is obviously not trust worthy. He does this because he is lazy and is not entirely comfortable with enforcing the law. The Duke believes that he is incapable of enforcing the law himself and therefore his authority is reduced. He comments, to Thomas, our decrees, / Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead, / And Liberty plucks Justice by the nose (1. 3. 27-29). Thomas responds It rested in your Grace / To unloose this tied-up Justice when you pleased (1. 3. 31-32). It is clear that Thomas also believes that The Duke has intentionally stop doing the job he is responsible for. The Duke acknowledges Thomas point and explains that he wants to remain a kind leader and not one known for punishment. He states Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them / For what I bid them do; for we bid this be done / When evil deeds have their permissive pass, / And not the punishment (1. 3. 36-39). Instead of completing his civic duties, The Duke chooses to go down to the prison and pretends to be a Friar. In pretending to be a religious figure he breaking the trust which individuals place in God and the people who are chosen to represent God. His behavior is questionable and his motives are clear he wants to be a voyeur. He claims he wants to be closer to the people he was chosen to lead however, this is the ultimate control. The Duke is supposed to be civic minded and ethical yet he easily chooses to deceive the people, in prison, that need him, whether a Friar or a Leader, him most. As he takes peoples confessions he taunts them. For example when he speaks with Juliet who has conceived out of wedlock, his approach is callus. The Duke informs her that it is her fault the man, Claudio, she loves will be punished by Lord Angelo through execution. Then the Duke talks to Claudio, and advises him that he should just give up hope of life and seeking Juliet again and hoped he is prepared to die (3. 1. 4). This is followed by a long, unemotional speech about how life is not worth living and that nothing in life really matters, as way to encourage Claudius to be thankful for his early demise. The Duke is not done yet, he continues to make people believe he is a Friar and uses this power to manipulate them. The Duke becomes aware that Claudios sister, a virgin, has agreed to have sex with him. In doing so, Lord Angelo has agreed that Claudio will not be killed. Isabella explains the situation to her brother. However, The Duke insists on listening. He requires the prison to offer him a concealed (3. 1. 53) spot. Eventually, The Duke reveals himself and claims that Lord Angelo was never serious and had never the purpose to corrupt her; only he hath made an assay of her virtue to practice his judgment with the disposition of natures (3. 1. 161-164). Once again The Duke is manipulating the lives of the people he is supposed to protect and look after. He creates situations and causes people to react in certain ways. He is amused and satisfied with himself. The Duke then tells Claudio that his execution will happen. Then The Duke changes his mind and decides that he will sleep with Lord Angelos ex finance instead of Isabella. The Duke insists that this is a good thing because the doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof (3. 2. 262-263). The Dukes manipulations continue when Lord Angelo demands that Claudio be executed and The Duke suggests that they should just substitute another inmate for Claudio. Even after Claudios live is saved, The Duke insists on telling Isabella that Claudio is dead. It is morally unacceptable that The Duke pretends to be a Friar. While The Duke claims that he is monitoring Lord Angelos virtue as a governorship it is clear that The Duke has his own motives in pretending and ease dropping. He believes that he has the power to a be a puppet master and pull the strings of everyone below him. If The Dukes true motive was in measuring how well Lord Angelo is doing his job, he would have confronted him much sooner then he actually does. The Duke inflicts unnecessary harm on people for his own pleasure and feeding of his own ego.

History Of Cultural Tourists Tourism Essay

History Of Cultural Tourists Tourism Essay Tourism has been known as one of the worlds fastest and largest growing industry. The industry has become very significant to all countries across the world as for decades it has been a major contributor to a countrys economic growth and development. Nevertheless, today there has been a trend and an increasing growth of various tourism markets segments in the tourism industry, which one of them is known as the cultural or heritage tourism that has become the most significant and fastest growing segment in the tourism industry (Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 1998 cited in Huh, Uysal, and McCleary, 2006). Cultural tourist defined by The Australian Bureau of Statistics (1998) is someone who has visited to cultural places and spent at least one night in more than forty kilometres from his original place of residence. The cultural places or attractions can be various including art galleries, museums, animal and sea parks, libraries, concerts, theatre plays, dancing performances and cinema (cited in Filippou et al., 2010). Cultural tourism as a distinct product category generally is different than when people travelling to a destination to experience cultures. Since all travel could involves cultural elements in which tourists are moving from their own cultural environment and travel to destination to experience other cultures. Even various touring activities may enable tourist to experience cultural differences. Yet, cultural tourism means more than just cultural displacement and it is important to distinguish between cultural tourism and touring to different cultures. Cultural tourism i nvolves in the consumption of different range of a destinations tangible and intangible cultural heritage assets include archeological sites, museums, castles, historical or famous buildings, arts, theatre, primitive cultures, subcultures, ethnic communities and other things that represent people and their cultures (Richards, 1996; Goodrich, 1997; Miller, 1997; Jamieson, 1994 cited in McKercher, Ho, Cross, and Ming, 2002) There are only few research has been published examining the cultural tourism market, yet there are some figures indicating the size and the significant of this market. According to various research studies, a significant amount of percentage of tourists going for cultural experiences such visiting cultural attractions and participating in various cultural activities which are not sun, sand and sea related (Richards, 1996 cited in Yun et al., 2008). The World Tourism Organization has also estimated the cultural tourism market accounts for 37 percent of all tourist trips and demand is growing by 15 percent per annum (Richards, 1996 cited in McKercher and Cross, 2003) The growth and importance of this cultural tourism has been stimulated mainly due to the rising demand despite the fact research has showed that cultural tourism is not developing as fast as the global tourism as a whole (de Hann, 1998 cited in Richards, 2007). However, due to the emerging of more educated and sophisticat ed tourists has enable people to access culture and globalization also tend to create more interest in cultures as well as local heritage. Cultural tourist now represents as a new type of mass tourist which seeks for meaningful cultural experiences (McKercher and DuCros, 2003). Thus, this paper objectives is to present a market intelligence report to Australias Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) which will provide them information particularly on cultural tourism segment. This paper also attempts to identify and analyze the profile characteristics and behavior of cultural tourists market in terms of its (1) demographic characteristics, (2) types of information sources used, (3) travel booking preferences, (4) travel motivations, (5) activity participation, (6) travel expenditure, and (7) the marketing implication that needs to be taken account or understand by the destination marketers in such a way for destination to maximizes the its appeal and profit, and highly attract more cultural tourists to the destination by understanding their behavioral profile. 2.0 Target Market Analysis There have been various tourism research studies of cultural tourism which have focused on identifying and analyzing the characteristics of cultural tourists market. These studies are aim to provide comprehensive information and to learn in depth about the target market including their demographic characteristics, the travel behavior characteristics and motivations of tourists who visits cultural destinations, information sources used, booking preferences, expenditures as well the type of cultural activities they participated in such a way to develop marketing strategy of the destination. 2.1 Demographic Characteristics Firstly, to have the understanding of the cultural tourism market segment of what are the characteristics of cultural tourists that visit cultural attractions or participate in cultural activities, hence demographic indicators are being used in tourism research to profile tourists such based on gender, age, income, educational levels, occupation, or marital status. On September 27, 1999 and April 16, 2000, data study were collected by the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC) in the United States by conducting a Travel Attractions and Motivation Survey, which to examine US originated tourists and helps to obtain general understanding of tourist behaviors and demographic profiles of cultural tourist in visiting various of cultural attractions or activities (Kim et al., 2007). There are 29 types of cultural attractions being identified and were categorized into a few distinctive groups using cluster (four clusters) analysis (see appendix A1) which are include festival and musical attractions, Commercial recreation parks, local festivals and fairs, knowledge or aesthetic seeking attractions. A series of logistic regression analyses were used in this study to identify the various demographic characteristics (gender, age, income, and education) on the four clusters of cultural attraction participation (see appendix A2). In addition, another study were a lso conducted which was composed of tourists who visited the cultural attraction of Virginia Historic Triangle (Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown) in June and August 2002 (see appendix B) (Huh, Uysal, and McCleary, 2006). On the basis of the two studies mentioned above, demographic characteristics of cultural tourism segment can be clearly identified. It can be concluded that greater percentage or number of women participate in cultural tourism than men. Research also shows that the cultural or heritage tourism segment is slightly moved towards more females. U.S Department of Commerce and the U.S Presidents Committee in the Arts and the Humanities (2005) showed that the majority of women or females participate more in cultural activities compared to men, this is because the position women has improved in recent decades, both in the family and workplace. Women also tend to have the biggest role in decisions making regarding to family vacations both in terms of duration of trips and destination choice (cited in Filippos et al., 2010). From the findings can be concluded cultural tourists are largely made up of adults and the senior age group in the aged of 40s- 60s years. Despite the younger age group ty pically aged 20-29 shows the smallest percentage in cultural tourism yet they are also part of the key demographic group. Moreover, large number of of cultural tourists tends to belonged to the high social group with high household income of $80,000 or more, and generally they are well highly educated with higher percentage of having college and advanced degree (graduate level). Hence, the higher education level of tourists, it shows greater participation and interest in cultural tourism. In contrast the lower percentage of participation in the four clusters of cultural attractions is mostly tourists with lower education level in high school and college. 2.2 Information Sources used As part of information search about the destination that tourists want to visit, there are wide range of information sources of travel that tourists can choose prior to their destination include brochures and material published by visitor information centers and by tourist boards, articles or magazines, internet, TV, word of mouth (WOM) by friends and relatives, travel guidebooks, tour guides, travel agents, and past experiences. The different kinds of information sources available may be grouped into those accessed through internal and external searching (Fodness and Murray, 1997, 1998; Gursoy and Chen, 2000 cited in Osti, Turner, and King, 2009). To know the main travel sources of information being used by cultural tourists can be obtained from a secondary data study which was drawn from the 2004 Tourist Exit Survey conducted on Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canadas major tourist destination, with a total of 3,139 surveys were completed by overnight pleasure tourists (Yun et al., 2008). The 3,139 tourists were categorized into two clusters groups of non-cultural tourist (cluster 1) and cultural tourists (cluster 2) about 1,996 (63.6 percent) of tourists have low participation in cultural activities and 1,143 (36.4 percent) highly involved in cultural activities. Based on the survey results, it was found that the majority of cultural tourists most likely to used the internet or tourism website as a main source of information which accounts for 58.4 percent. Travel information package (49.4 percent) is also become the second main important source of information used by cultural tourists, followed by friends, relatives, or co-workers which accounts for 36.9 percent, this may reflect the high information content of travel information package and strong personal recommendation from friends or family. Cultural tourists are also more likely to use package tour, travel guidebooks, and tourist information centre as well as a source of their travel information. However, very few of them used of newspaper story or advertisement, travel agent, and television program or advertisement as their source of information (see appendix C). 2.3 Travel Booking Preferences Travel booking preferences is closely related to how cultural tourists book its travel in order to visit a cultural destination. Motivations for Travel What are generally the main travel motives of cultural tourists towards attending cultural experiences in a particular destination? Murray (1964), defined motives as a separate distinguishable internal characteristic that occurred, direct, and integrate a persons behavior (cited in Kay, 2009). Some empirical research studies have been conducted to gain better understanding of tourist motivation for traveling to cultural attractions and events or other cultural experiences being offered in the destination. A growing body of conceptual and empirical research is showing basically that not all cultural tourists are homogeneous. Some studies have segmented this market based on the importance or centrality of cultural tourism in the decision to visit a destination. Then McKercher (2002) has built on these studies by adding depth of experience and created a two dimensional model that produces a conceptual model of cultural tourists (see appendix D1) in which he classified and identified five types of cultural tourists based on the centrality and depth of experience (from shallow to deep), and the importance (or centrality) of cultural tourism (Low to high). He recognized different tourist may display different experiences despite having the same or similar motivation levels. Since availability of time, travel partners, tour group participation, level of awareness and interest, education, ethnic background and various other factors could affect individuals participation in cultural tourism (c ited in McKercher, Ho, Cros and So-Ming, 2002). The types of cultural tourists he has identified include the purposeful (high centrality/deep cultural experience), sightseeing (high centrality/shallow experience), casual (modest centrality/ shallow experience), incidental (low centrality/shallow experience), and serendipitous (low centrality/ deep experience) cultural tourists. This model was then tested empirically on a sample on a sample of cultural tourists visiting Hong Kong and differences can be identified in terms of their travel motives (see appendix D2). Based on the data results of this study, each of the different types of cultural tourists are motivated to travel for different reasons than other tourists. Purposeful and sightseeing cultural tourists were motivated to travel for educational and cultural reasons, see travel mostly as a change to grow personally and as a change to learn about anothers culture. In contrast, incidental, casual serendipitous cultural tourists were motivated to travel for creation, fun, and r elaxation, yet to learn also about other cultures. However, serendipitous see travel as more to change to grow personally instead for relax (McKercher and Cros, 2003). There was another general research study by Pandora L. Kay, in the journal of Cultural Experience Tourist Motives Dimensionality: A Cross-Cultural Study (2009). It examine tourists motivational for attending and experiencing a range of cultural related experiences, some was by taken a sample represented by Japanese tourists and Mainland Chinese tourists (see appendix D3). The data showed a generic scale for measuring travel motives for tourists visiting cultural attractions, most commonly found on the dimensions from selected empirical studies representative of the considerable body of tourist motivation research in various contexts. The data shows the most commonly found travel motive dimension in a general context in relation to cultural and non-cultural attractions. Several motive dimensions being listed and it emphasized a large number of psycho-socio-physiologically based dimensions and with the listed of the authors. It clearly shows that only one significant travel motive dime nsion found for cultural attraction motives which mainly for education or knowledge based on the three studies. 2.5 Activity Participation There are huge varieties of activities that cultural tourist usually participate in. The most common and important activities that cultural tourists still mostly engage or participate is visiting cultural sites or attractions such as museums, galleries, and monuments. Based on ATLAS (2004) surveys, about 60 percent of tourists had visited a museum, 30 percent had visited a monument and 29 percent visited a gallery. In addition, there is a trend of moving toward a greater visitation to various different types of cultural attractions in a destination mainly towards arts attractions such as visiting to art galleries, performing arts, and festivals (cited in Richards, 2007). Furthermore, study of cultural tourist taken from Tourists Exit Survey on Canadas major destination Prince Edward Island (PEI), 2004 have identified the different activities participate by cultural tourist compared to non-cultural tourists (see appendix E1). Overall, high percentage of cultural tourists were likely to participate in sightseeing, visiting beaches, visiting a national park, driving tour, and shopping for crafts and souvenir compared to other travel activities being listed. Nevertheless, activities that cultural tourists pursued in a destination can also be different from one another since different types of cultural tourist display different behaviors at a destination. McKercher (2002) classification of five different types of cultural tourists based on the centrality and depth of experience ranging from a shallow, superficial or sightseeing experience to a much deeper, learning oriented experience may display differences in cultural activities participation (see appendix E2). The first is purposeful cultural tourist which characterized as highly motivated and tends to have high centrality and deep cultural experience, thus this type of tourist would generally participate in activities of visiting cultural sites such museums instead of shopping, they likely to visit shop in local markets rather than in stores selling brand names. Tourist who is highly motivated but has more shallow experience is known as the sightseeing cultural tourist. This type of t ourist usually interested in collecting experiences rather than pursuing any one activity in depth, and mostly undertakes activities such visiting museums, shopping or visit local market. The third is casual cultural tourist that has a shallow experience and a destinations culture or heritage such historic buildings or theme parks plays role in the decision to visit. The incidental cultural tourist also has shallow experience and not so motivated to travel for cultural or reasons but still participate in mass cultural tourism activities such as heritage theme parks and other places of entertainment. They tend to avoid visiting temples and other religious assets, and rather choose to visit stores selling brand names. Lastly, the serendipitous cultural tourist is characterized as having deep experience yet has no motivation to travel for cultural reason and still participate in cultural activities like visiting museums (McKercher, 2002, McKercher and Cros, 2003). 2.6 Travel Expenditure Travel expenditure is refers to travel budget or the amount of money in which cultural tourists spend on cultural tourism in a destination. According to a research, cultural tourists known in their high spending on cultural tourism in most tourist destinations with average total spending over $1920 which consider as much higher than visitors on a rural holiday ($1320), at the beach ($1825), and on city trips ($1535) in 2004 ( Richards, 2007). The same data results of study which were taken from the 2004 Tourists Exit Survey conducted on Prince Edward Island (PEI) with 3,139 respondents of overnight pleasure tourist both consist of non-cultural tourist and cultural tourists, clearly shows the differences in travel expenditure between the two clusters (Yun et al., 2008). Cultural tourists generally spend more than non-cultural tourist with the average total spending per person per trip basis of $1186.2 whereas non-cultural tourists only have the total average spending about $825.1 (see appendix F). The relatively high amount of spending of cultural tourists highly associated with the high income levels which characterized this market segment. In terms of expenditure categories, based on the data results the largest percentage cultural tourist spent on accommodations, at restaurants and bars, spending on souvenirs and crafts. 2.7 Marketing Implications Based on all the key findings on the profile characteristics and behavior of cultural tourism segment from various research studies, it has showed that cultural tourists have displayed different characteristics, behaviors, needs, wants and interest compare to non-cultural tourists, as well as different behavior, experience, and motivation are demonstrated in the five different types of cultural tourists indentified by McKrecher though their demographic characteristics are largely the same. This will likely affect the destination marketing or management organization in taking decisions of developing its marketing strategy which can be in terms of product, promotion, packaging, and distribution. Cultural tourists like to seek different activities when they travel include sightseeing, visiting to museums, historical building, and other sites represent culture of a destination. Then destination marketers need to understand the needs of cultural tourists and travel behaviors through a promotional effort of promoting and providing a variety of packaging arrangement of cultural attractions. The types of packaging arrangement that can be offer to cultural tourists can involve different types of cultural products such as museum packaging with art festival and theatre performance or can also be national parks and art galleries. The advantage of these packaging arrangements can create a wider level of interest and offers the variety of experiences that most people are seeking, as well as increasing perceived value for time and money spent. Furthermore, cultural tourists are generally motivated to travel for knowledge or educational reasons and seen as for self personal development by learning others culture. A good strategy of promoting cultural attractions or activities can be created by emphasizing the educational elements or educational information that may benefits to the tourists. Besides, various promotions could be focuses on promoting cultural facilities, attractions, and events through advertisement such as on website, travel guidebooks, or travel operator can be used to capitalize on opportunities to attract more cultural tourists and increase their motivation to participate in greater cultural activities. Moreover, a growing body of conceptual and empirical research has shows the conceptual model or typology of cultural tourists identifying there are five types of cultural tourists which has demonstrates differences on the basis of their behavior, involvement cultural activities and travel motivation. Each of different types of tourists may seek different experiences and engage at different levels of cultural attractions both high and low involvement. For these reasons, destination marketers need to accurately segment the different types of cultural tourists market and apply differentiating marketing strategy for packaging and promotional or advertising in such a way to attract and suits the needs of the different types of cultural tourists. The first is the purposeful cultural tourists who are greatly involved in cultural activities and highly motivated to travel to gain deep experience and knowledge, while sightseeing tourists similar to purposeful tourists the main difference is having shallow experience. Thus, destination marketers need to create an informative promotional or advertising strategy emphasize on works shops, exhibitions, performance, architectural, discussions, museums collection book shops, publications and research to attract both of these cultural tourists. Since these tourists have high involvement, they need to develop deep understanding of the meaning of cultural connections of the attraction and they are may highly attract or influenced by cognitive information (Kantanen and Tikkanen, 2005). Next, the casual and incidental cultural tourists both have shallow experience and not highly motivated to travel to cultural attractions instead they are motivated to travel for fun, creation and relaxation yet still somehow engaging in more cultural entertainment and theme parks. Therefore, persuasive advertising strategy that appeals emphasize on parks, galleries, theater, theme events and parks would appropriate to attract this low involvement type of tourists. Then one effective marketing communication that allows to reach these tourists when they spend time in the destination would be TV advertising on the local network. Lastly, serendipitous cultural tourists who have no motivation to travel to a destination for cultural tourism yet have deep experience. Therefore, satisfaction strategy is can be used to highly attract this tourists to persuade them to visit a destination and experience a cultural attraction. Promotional can be mostly emphasizes on art, architecture, museums, exhibitions, theatre or music performances, and theme events (Kantanen and Tikkanen, 2005). 3.0 Conclusion As the main objective of this paper is to present market intelligence report specifically on cultural tourism segment to Australias Destination Marketing Organization, in terms of its demographic characteristics, information sources used, travel booking preferences, travel motivation, activity participation, travel expenditure, and its marketing implications. Overall, based on the key findings from various research studies of cultural tourists that has been clearly identified, has showed that the cultural tourists segment are different with non-cultural tourists in terms of its characteristics, behaviors, needs and wants. Cultural tourists are made up of adults to senior age with the majority of women participating. This group of segment also highly educated and belong to the high social group of having large household income and travel expenditure. They also tend to choose the internet, travel information and gain information from friends and relatives as their main travel sources o f information. However, McKrecher (2002) reveals that not all cultural tourists are homogeneous and each have different in motivation, experiences and cultural activities participation classify as the purposeful, sightseeing, casual, incidental and serendipitous cultural tourists. The main marketing implication for these reasons, destination marketers should be able to segment the different of cultural tourists market segments with different cultural products needs, promotional strategy and packaging arrangements to cater the needs each of the cultural market as well as to increase their participation in cultural activities. .

Rachel Carson :: essays research papers

Area of Work. A marine biologist, writer, and an expositor of protecting the environment for the future, Rachel wrote many articles and three moving books about the sea, and a final book, Silent Spring, for which she is remembered. She was not by nature a crusader, but when aerial spraying of DDT killed the birds in a friend's bird sanctuary, she began to study the effects of pesticides on the chains of life. Silent Spring provides an authentic and chilling warning that the chemicals we use in pesticides can create greater problems than they intended to solve. Rachel warned that if we do not learn to respect nature we might face a spring when no bird songs could be heard. Education. At the Pennsylvania College For Women, a required college course in biology made Rachel change here assumptions about her career. She majored in zoology, and after graduating with honors, she received a scholarship from Johns Hopkins, where she got a Masters Degree in genetics in 1932. Challenges. Rachel first broke barriers as a women. She took her first job with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. In 1936 she became the first women to pass the civil service exam. Over the next fifteen years she rose in the ranks until she was the editor of all publications for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. After resigning from government service, she wrote best selling books. Silent Spring set off a national controversy and made her the subject of attack by the pesticide industry. She challenged DDT, whose inventor had received a Nobel prize After reading the book, President Kennedy called for testing of the chemicals mentioned in the book. Her Work Background. Her years at U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service coincided with World War II experimentation with deadly chemicals. Insects were used to test these agents. Powerful pesticides were a byproduct of the tests. Rachel was the first one to see the dangerous effects of introducing these deadly agents into our food ch ain. Achievements. Rachel set off the controversy between environmentalists and the pesticide industry that is still raging. Silent Spring warns that for "the first time in the history of the World every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals from the moment of our conception until death." Rachel came to be regarded as the mother of the modern environmental movement. "The environment" and "ecology" have since become household words.